Installing an electric tankless water heater can revolutionize your home’s hot water supply. Unlike traditional tank water heaters that store gallons of hot water, tankless units heat water on demand, eliminating standby heat loss and providing endless hot water. This article will guide you through the comprehensive process of installing an electric tankless water heater, empowering you to save energy, reduce water waste, and enjoy the luxury of continuous hot water.
Before embarking on the installation process, it’s crucial to gather the necessary tools and materials, including an electric tankless water heater, electrical wiring, a water supply line, a drain line, and various fittings and connectors. Once you have assembled the required components, the first step is to determine the appropriate location for your tankless unit. Choose a well-ventilated area with easy access to both the water supply and the electrical panel.
After selecting the installation location, you can begin the electrical work. Carefully follow the manufacturer’s instructions to connect the unit to the electrical panel, ensuring that the wiring is properly sized and secured. Once the electrical connections are complete, you can proceed to the plumbing portion of the installation. Connect the water supply line to the inlet of the tankless water heater and the drain line to the outlet, ensuring that all connections are watertight. Finally, turn on the water supply and check for any leaks before powering on the unit.
Choosing the Right Unit
Selecting the appropriate electric tankless water heater is crucial to ensure efficient and reliable hot water delivery. Consider the following factors:
Water Flow Rate
Determine your household’s peak hot water demand, including faucets, showers, and appliances. Electric tankless water heaters are typically rated in gallons per minute (GPM), which indicates the amount of hot water they can produce instantaneously. Calculate your required flow rate by adding up the maximum flow rates of all appliances and fixtures that will be running simultaneously.
Temperature Rise
This refers to the difference between the incoming cold water temperature and the desired hot water temperature. The higher the temperature rise, the greater the heating capacity required from the water heater. Consider your average incoming water temperature and the desired outlet temperature to determine the appropriate temperature rise.
Electrical Requirements
Electric tankless water heaters require a dedicated electrical circuit. The voltage and amperage requirements vary depending on the unit’s power rating. Ensure that your electrical system can handle the load and that the circuit is properly sized and protected.
Size and Location
Tankless water heaters are compact and can be installed in various locations, including under sinks, in closets, or on exterior walls. Consider the available space and access to water lines and electrical connections when choosing the installation site.
Warranty and Customer Support
Look for water heaters with comprehensive warranties covering parts and labor. Consider the manufacturer’s reputation and customer support availability to ensure prompt assistance in case of any issues.
Installing the Gas Line
The first step in installing an electric tankless water heater is to connect the gas line. This can be a challenging task, but it is important to follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully. Here are the steps involved:
1. Shut off the gas supply at the main valve.
2. Locate the gas line that will supply the water heater. This is typically a 1/2-inch or 3/4-inch line.
3. Connect the gas line to the water heater. You will need to use a gas pipe and a flare fitting to connect the two. The flare fitting should be made of brass or other non-corrosive material.
4. Tighten the flare fitting using a wrench. Make sure the fitting is tight enough to prevent leaks, but do not overtighten it.
5. Turn on the gas supply at the main valve.
6. Check for leaks. You can do this by applying a soapy solution to the connections. If you see any bubbles, there is a leak. Tighten the connection until the leak stops.
Types of Gas Lines
| Type | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Black iron pipe | Durable, can be used indoors and outdoors | Heavy, difficult to work with |
| Copper pipe | Lightweight, easy to work with | More expensive than black iron pipe |
| CSST (corrugated stainless steel tubing) | Lightweight, flexible, easy to install | More expensive than black iron pipe or copper pipe |
Installing the Water Lines
Materials You’ll Need:
- Flexible stainless steel water lines
- Compression fittings
- Pipe sealant
- Pipe wrench
- Adjustable wrench
4. Connecting the Cold and Hot Water Lines
Connecting the Cold Water Line:
- Shut off the main water supply.
- Locate the cold water inlet on the water heater and install a compression fitting.
- Apply pipe sealant to the threads of the fitting.
- Connect a flexible stainless steel water line to the fitting and tighten it securely.
Connecting the Hot Water Line:
- Shut off the valve supplying hot water to the fixture you’re connecting.
- Locate the hot water outlet on the water heater and install a compression fitting.
- Apply pipe sealant to the threads of the fitting.
- Connect a flexible stainless steel water line to the fitting and tighten it securely.
Pressure Testing:
- Turn on the main water supply.
- Open a hot water faucet to check for leaks.
- Tighten any loose connections if necessary.
- Repeat for the cold water faucet.
| Connection | Step |
|---|---|
| Cold Water Line | Connect to the cold water inlet using a compression fitting and flexible water line |
| Hot Water Line | Connect to the hot water outlet using a compression fitting and flexible water line |
| Pressure Testing | Turn on water supply, check for leaks, and tighten any loose connections |
Connecting the Electrical Wiring
Grounding the Unit
It’s crucial to ground the tankless water heater to protect against electrical shocks. Ensure proper grounding by connecting the green or bare copper grounding wire provided with the unit to the grounding terminal or lug on the heater and then to the grounding rod or ground bus.
Connecting the Supply Wires
The supply wires (typically black, red, and white) from the electrical panel need to be connected to the terminal block on the tankless water heater. Match the wire colors: black to black, red to red, and white to white. Tighten the terminal screws securely.
Installing the Circuit Breaker
Depending on the unit’s power requirements, install the appropriate circuit breaker in the electrical panel. Refer to the heater’s manual for the specified amperage. The circuit breaker should be installed on the same line as the tankless water heater.
Running the Wires
Run the electrical wires from the electrical panel to the tankless water heater. Ensure the wires are properly secured using conduit or cable clamps to prevent damage. The wires should be neatly routed and avoid sharp bends or kinks.
Additional Considerations for High-Amperage Units
For tankless water heaters with high amperage requirements, additional precautions may be necessary:
| Element | Consideration |
|---|---|
| Wire Gauge | Use thicker gauge wires (6 AWG or larger) to handle the increased current. |
| Conduit | Use a rigid metal conduit or flexible metal conduit to protect the wires. |
| Voltage Drop | Calculate the voltage drop based on the wire length and amperage to ensure adequate voltage reaches the heater. |
Venting the Water Heater
Proper ventilation is crucial for electric tankless water heaters to operate safely and efficiently. Exhaust gases must be safely expelled, and proper ventilation ensures that combustion byproducts do not accumulate indoors.
There are two main types of venting systems for electric tankless water heaters:
Direct Vent
In a direct vent system, a concentric vent pipe is used to exhaust exhaust gases directly through an exterior wall or roof. The vent pipe has an inner core for exhaust gases and an outer core for intake air. This type of venting provides optimal performance and efficiency.
Condensing Vent
A condensing vent system extracts additional heat from the exhaust gases before they are expelled. This process results in condensing water, which drains into a collection pan and should be properly routed to a drain. Condensing vent systems are typically more efficient than direct vent systems.
Vent Size and Material
The size and material of the vent pipe depend on the specific water heater model and installation requirements. Check the manufacturer’s instructions for the recommended vent size and material. Typically, PVC or CPVC pipes are used for direct vent systems, while stainless steel or polypropylene are used for condensing vent systems.
Vent Termination
The vent termination should be located outside the building and should not be obstructed by trees, shrubs, or other objects. The vent opening should be at least 12 inches above the ground or any combustible materials.
Vertical Rise
The vertical rise of the vent pipe should be as short as possible. Avoid sharp bends or kinks in the vent pipe, as they can restrict airflow.
Horizontal Runs
Horizontal runs of the vent pipe should be avoided if possible. If a horizontal run is necessary, it should be kept as short as possible and should be pitched downward to facilitate drainage of condensing water.
Maintenance
Regular maintenance is essential to ensure proper venting. Periodically inspect the vent pipe for any blockages or damage. Clean or replace the vent pipe as needed.
Installing the Front Panel and Cover
Once the water heater is installed and connected, you can install the front panel and cover to complete the installation process.
7. Attach the Ground Wire and Mount the Ground Strap
First, attach the ground wire to the ground screw on the back of the water heater. Then, mount the ground strap to the metal frame of the water heater, ensuring it makes good contact with the metal surface.
Materials Required:
- Ground wire
- Ground strap
- Screwdriver
Steps:
1. Locate the ground screw on the back of the water heater.
2. Connect the ground wire to the ground screw using a screwdriver.
3. Locate the metal frame on the top of the water heater.
4. Position the ground strap over the metal frame.
5. Tighten the ground strap using a screwdriver.
Testing the Water Heater
Now that the water heater is installed, it’s time to test it out. To do this:
- Turn on the power to the water heater.
- Open a hot water faucet.
- Check the temperature of the water. It should be hot within a few seconds.
- Check for leaks. Look around the water heater and all of the connections for any signs of water leaking.
- If everything is working properly, close the hot water faucet.
- Turn off the power to the water heater.
- Wait a few minutes for the water heater to cool down.
- Touch the outside of the water heater. It should be cool to the touch.
- If everything is working properly, you can now start using your new electric tankless water heater!
Troubleshooting Tips
If you’re having any problems with your electric tankless water heater, check out our troubleshooting guide. You can also contact us for help.
The following table provides some additional troubleshooting tips
| Problem | Possible Cause | Solution |
|—|—|—|
| No hot water | Power is not turned on | Turn on the power to the water heater |
| Water is not hot enough | Temperature setting is too low | Increase the temperature setting on the water heater |
| Water is leaking | Loose connection | Tighten the connection |
| Water heater is making noise | Air in the water lines | Bleed the air from the water lines |
| Water heater is tripping the circuit breaker | Circuit breaker is not sized correctly | Replace the circuit breaker with one that is the correct size |
Troubleshooting Common Problems
No Power to the Unit:
* Check the circuit breaker or fuse at the electrical panel.
* Ensure the disconnect switch on the unit is turned on.
* Inspect the wiring for any loose connections or damage.
No Hot Water:
* Check if the water supply is turned on and the hoses are connected correctly.
* Ensure the inlet temperature sensor is properly seated in the cold water inlet.
* Adjust the water flow rate to match the unit’s recommended range.
Unit Overheating:
* Check the flow sensor to ensure it’s operating properly.
* Inspect the heating element for signs of damage or scaling.
* Ensure there’s no obstruction in the water flow path.
Leaking Water:
* Tighten the hose connections and fittings to prevent leaks.
* Check the inlet and outlet gaskets for any damage or wear.
* If the heating element is leaking, it may need to be replaced.
Water Temperature Fluctuating:
* Adjust the power setting on the unit to a higher level.
* Ensure the incoming water temperature is stable and within the recommended range.
* Check for any air bubbles in the water lines.
Error Codes on Display:
* Refer to the manufacturer’s manual for the specific error code description.
* Reset the unit by turning it off and on again.
* Contact a qualified electrician if the error code persists.
Unit Not Responding:
* Check if the power is on and the unit is connected properly.
* Press the reset button on the unit.
* Ensure the temperature sensor is properly seated in the water inlet.
Low Water Flow:
* Inspect the water filter for any clogs or debris.
* Clean the sediment trap in the water supply line.
* Increase the water flow rate or pressure by adjusting the valve.
Maintaining Your Water Heater
To ensure optimal performance and longevity of your electric tankless water heater, regular maintenance is crucial. Here’s a comprehensive guide to keep your water heater in tip-top shape:
1. Flush the Heater Annually
Sediment and mineral buildup can accumulate in the water heater over time, reducing its efficiency and lifespan. Flushing the heater annually helps remove these deposits and maintain optimal performance.
2. Clean the Filter
Most electric tankless water heaters have a built-in filter to remove impurities from the water supply. Regularly cleaning the filter ensures an uninterrupted flow of clean water and prevents clogging.
3. Inspect the Wiring and Connections
Inspect the electrical wiring and connections periodically for any signs of damage or loose connections. Loose connections can cause overheating and potential safety hazards.
4. Test the Pressure Relief Valve
The pressure relief valve is a safety feature that prevents excessive pressure buildup inside the water heater. Test the valve annually to ensure it’s functioning properly.
5. Check the Thermostat
The thermostat regulates the water temperature. Over time, the thermostat may drift out of calibration, leading to fluctuating water temperatures. Checking and adjusting the thermostat ensures consistent water heating.
6. Descale Periodically
Mineral buildup can cause scale formation on the heating elements of the water heater. Regular descaling prevents scale buildup, improves efficiency, and extends the lifespan of the heater.
7. Monitor Energy Consumption
Keep track of your water heater’s energy consumption. If you notice a significant increase, it may indicate a problem or reduced efficiency.
8. Consider Professional Maintenance
For complex or more advanced maintenance tasks, consider scheduling professional maintenance. A certified technician can thoroughly inspect the water heater, diagnose any issues, and perform necessary repairs or adjustments.
9. Follow Manufacturer’s Instructions
Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for specific maintenance recommendations and troubleshooting tips.
10. Troubleshooting Common Issues
Here are some common issues you may encounter with your electric tankless water heater and possible solutions:
| Issue | Possible Solution |
|---|---|
| Water is not hot enough | Check thermostat, heating elements, and sediment buildup |
| Water is too hot | Adjust thermostat, check wiring, and clean filter |
| No hot water | Check power supply, heating elements, and pressure relief valve |
| Leaking water | Identify source of leak, check seals and connections |
| Tripped circuit breaker | Check electrical wiring, overload, or faulty components |
How to Install an Electric Tankless Water Heater
Installing an electric tankless water heater can be a complex and dangerous task, so it is essential to consult with a qualified electrician before attempting the installation. However, with proper preparation and precautions, the installation process can be completed safely and successfully by homeowners with basic electrical experience.
Here are the steps on how to install an electric tankless water heater:
- Turn off power to the circuit. This is done at the main electrical panel.
- Disconnect the water supply. This is done at the water main.
- Remove the old water heater. This is done by disconnecting the water lines and electrical wires.
- Install the new water heater. This is done by connecting the water lines and electrical wires.
- Turn on power to the circuit. This is done at the main electrical panel.
- Check for leaks. This is done by turning on the water supply and checking for any leaks.
- Set the temperature. This is done by following the manufacturer’s instructions.
People Also Ask About How to Install an Electric Tankless Water Heater
What are the benefits of an electric tankless water heater?
Electric tankless water heaters have several benefits over traditional tank-type water heaters. These benefits include:
How much does it cost to install an electric tankless water heater?
The cost to install an electric tankless water heater varies depending on the size of the unit, the complexity of the installation, and the location of the installation. However, you can expect to pay between $500 and $2,000 for the installation of an electric tankless water heater.
Is it difficult to install an electric tankless water heater?
Installing an electric tankless water heater is a complex and dangerous task that should only be attempted by qualified electricians. However, with proper preparation and precautions, the installation process can be completed safely and successfully by homeowners with basic electrical experience.
