Water heaters are an essential appliance in any home, providing us with warm water for showers, baths, and other household needs. However, like any other appliance, water heaters can experience problems from time to time. One common issue is a faulty heating element, which can prevent the water heater from heating the water properly. If you suspect that your water heater element may be faulty, it’s important to test it to confirm the issue and take the necessary steps to repair or replace it.
Testing a water heater element is a relatively simple process that can be done with a few basic tools. Before you begin, it’s important to turn off the power to the water heater at the circuit breaker or fuse box. Once the power is off, you can proceed with the following steps:
1. Remove the access panel to the water heater element. This panel is typically located at the bottom of the water heater. Once the panel is removed, you will see the heating element, which is a metal tube with two wires connected to it.
2. Use a multimeter to test the continuity of the heating element. To do this, set the multimeter to the ohms setting and place the probes on the two terminals of the heating element. If the multimeter reads zero ohms, the heating element is good. If the multimeter reads infinity, the heating element is faulty and needs to be replaced.
Removing and Inspecting the Element
Step 1: Turn Off Power and Water
Safety first! Switch off the circuit breaker or disconnect the fuse that powers the water heater. Additionally, shut off the cold water supply valve connected to the water heater.
Step 2: Drain the Water Heater
Hook up a garden hose to the drain valve at the bottom of the water heater and run it to a nearby drain. Open the drain valve and let the water flow out completely.
Step 3: Remove the Access Panel
Locate the access panel on the water heater’s side or top. Unscrew the bolts or screws holding it in place and carefully remove it.
Step 4: Disconnect the Wires
Inside the access panel, you’ll see the water heater element. Carefully disconnect the wires connected to the element terminals using a screwdriver.
Step 5: Remove the Element
Using a wrench, loosen the nut or bolts that hold the element in place. Gently pull the element straight out of the water heater tank.
Step 6: Inspect the Element
Examine the element for any visible damage, such as cracks, corrosion, or mineral buildup. If you notice any signs of damage, the element needs to be replaced.
Step 7: Testing the Element with a Multimeter
| Step | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| a | Set Multimeter | Set your multimeter to the ohms (Ω) setting. |
| b | Test Continuity | Place the probes of the multimeter on the element’s terminals. If the multimeter reads “OL” (open line), the element is likely broken and needs to be replaced. |
| c | Check Resistance | If the multimeter displays a resistance value (typically between 10 and 50 ohms), measure the resistance between each terminal and the element’s metal sheath. If the resistance is very high or low, the element might be grounded and needs to be replaced. |
Verifying the Test Results
1. Compare the Multimeter Reading to the Element’s Resistance
The multimeter reading should match the resistance value specified by the manufacturer. This information is usually found on a label attached to the water heater. If the resistance is significantly lower or higher than expected, the element may be faulty.
2. Inspect the Multimeter’s Continuity Test
If the multimeter’s continuity test beeps, it indicates that electricity is flowing through the element. This means that the element is not open-circuited and is likely functioning properly.
3. Check for Power to the Water Heater
Ensure that power is reaching the water heater by verifying that the breaker or fuse is not tripped or blown. If the power is off, the element will not function properly.
4. Examine the Element’s Physical Condition
Visually inspect the element for any burnt or discolored areas. These could indicate a faulty element that needs replacement.
5. Test the Thermostat
Check the thermostat to ensure it is functioning correctly. A faulty thermostat can prevent the heater from heating properly, resulting in a lack of hot water.
6. Check for Mineral Deposits
Over time, mineral deposits can build up on the element, reducing its efficiency. Look for any white or crusty buildup and remove it if necessary.
7. Test the Circuit Breaker or Fuse
If the element is functioning properly but there is still no hot water, check the circuit breaker or fuse that powers the water heater. A tripped breaker or blown fuse can cut off power to the element.
8. Inspect the Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve
A faulty temperature and pressure relief valve can prevent the water heater from reaching its maximum temperature. Check the valve for any leaks or blockages that may be hindering its operation.
9. Call a Licensed Plumber
If all else fails and you are unable to determine the cause of the faulty water heater element, it is best to call a licensed plumber. They have the expertise and equipment to diagnose and repair any issues with your water heater, ensuring it provides you with reliable hot water.
How to Test a Water Heater Element
A faulty water heater element can prevent your water heater from heating water efficiently, leading to cold showers and higher energy bills. To determine if the element is the cause of your problems, you can test it using a multimeter.
Steps:
- Turn off the power: Before you begin, turn off the circuit breaker or fuse that powers the water heater.
- Drain some water: Open a hot water faucet and drain some water from the tank to lower the water level below the element.
- Remove the element cover: Locate the element cover on the side of the water heater and remove it using a wrench.
- Disconnect the wires: Disconnect the wires connected to the element using a screwdriver.
- Set the multimeter to ohms: Set your multimeter to the ohms (Ω) setting.
- Test the element: Touch one probe of the multimeter to each terminal on the element. If the multimeter reads infinite resistance (OL), the element is likely faulty.
