Replacing a gas water heater is a crucial task that requires technical expertise and safety precautions. This guide presents a comprehensive approach to changing out a gas water heater, ensuring optimal performance and longevity of your water heating system. Before embarking on this project, it is essential to gather the necessary tools and materials, including a new gas water heater, wrenches, pipe dope, and safety equipment. Additionally, it is highly recommended to familiarize yourself with the local building codes and regulations governing the installation of gas appliances.
To initiate the process of changing out a gas water heater, it is imperative to shut off the gas supply to the unit. Locate the main gas valve, typically found near the gas meter, and turn it off. This step is crucial to prevent gas leaks and ensure safety during the replacement process. Next, disconnect the water supply lines by turning off the water valves and loosening the connecting nuts. Once the water and gas supplies are disconnected, proceed to remove the old water heater. Carefully disconnect the vent pipe and electrical wiring, ensuring proper handling to avoid damage. It is important to note that the old water heater should be disposed of in accordance with local waste disposal regulations.
With the old water heater removed, the installation of the new unit can commence. Begin by connecting the new water heater to the vent pipe and securing it with screws or bolts. Next, connect the water supply lines, ensuring that the hot and cold lines are connected to the correct terminals. Apply pipe dope to the threads of the connections to create a watertight seal. Finally, connect the gas line to the new water heater, ensuring that all connections are tight and secure. Once all connections are complete, turn on the gas supply and water supply valves. Open a hot water faucet to allow air to escape from the system, ensuring that the water heater is functioning correctly. Finally, inspect all connections for leaks and make any necessary adjustments to ensure a safe and efficient water heating system.
Determining the Need for Replacement
Recognizing the signs that your gas water heater requires replacement is crucial for ensuring a safe and efficient hot water supply. Here are some telltale indicators to watch out for:
Age: Most gas water heaters have a lifespan of 10-15 years. If yours has exceeded this age range, it’s time to consider replacing it.
Decreased Water Flow or Temperature: If you notice a drop in hot water flow or temperature, it could be a sign of a failing heating element or a buildup of sediment.
Leaking Water: Any visible water leaks around the tank or pipes indicate a compromised water heater that needs to be replaced immediately.
Rust or Corrosion: Rust or corrosion on the tank or components can weaken the structure and lead to leaks or failures. If you spot rust or corrosion, schedule a professional inspection.
Strange Noises: Unusual noises like banging, rumbling, or popping coming from your water heater can indicate a malfunctioning component or a buildup of sediment.
Frequent Repairs: If you find yourself constantly repairing your water heater, it may be more cost-effective to replace it.
Energy Efficiency: Older gas water heaters may not be as energy-efficient as newer models. If you want to reduce your energy consumption, consider replacing your old water heater with a high-efficiency model.
| Sign of Need for Replacement | Possible Cause |
|---|---|
| Age over 10-15 years | Natural wear and tear |
| Decreased water flow or temperature | Failing heating element or sediment buildup |
| Leaking water | Compromised tank or pipes |
Safety Precautions for Gas Line Disconnect
Before attempting to disconnect the gas line, it’s crucial to follow these essential safety measures:
1. Turn Off the Gas Supply
Locate the gas shut-off valve upstream of the water heater. Turn the valve clockwise to close it completely, ensuring no gas can flow towards the appliance.
2. Disconnect the Gas Line Safely
Using the appropriate wrench or pliers, disconnect the gas line from the water heater. Caution: This can release trapped gas and create a fire hazard. To minimize the risk:
- Use a gas leak detector: Apply a commercial gas leak detector around the connection point to check for any escaping gas.
- Ventilate the area: Open windows or doors to disperse any accumulated gas.
- Avoid sparks or flames: Do not smoke or use open flames near the gas line.
- Slowly loosen the connection: Gradually unscrew the connection, allowing any trapped gas to escape slowly and safely.
- Apply sealant: Once the gas line is disconnected, apply a pipe sealant to the threads of the gas valve and water heater to prevent leaks.
| Required Tools |
|---|
| Adjustable wrench or pliers |
| Gas leak detector |
| Pipe sealant |
Step-by-Step Removal of Old Water Heater
3. Disconnect Gas, Water, and Electrical Connections
This is the most critical step of the removal process. Begin by turning off the gas supply to the water heater. You will typically find a gas valve near the base of the unit. Turn the valve clockwise to close it. Next, disconnect the cold water inlet line from the water heater. Use a wrench to loosen the nuts that connect the line to the water heater and the water supply pipe. Allow any remaining water to drain out of the line. Finally, disconnect the electrical wires that are connected to the water heater. Label the wires with tape or a marker so you can reconnect them correctly later.
| Gas Line | |
|---|---|
| Shut off the gas valve using a wrench. | |
| Separate the gas line from the water heater. | |
| Water Line | |
|---|---|
| Shut off the water supply to the water heater using a wrench. | |
| Disconnect the cold water inlet line from the water heater. | |
| Allow any remaining water to drain out of the line. | |
| Electrical Line | |
|---|---|
| Disconnect the electrical wires that are connected to the water heater. | |
| Label the wires with tape or a marker for easy reconnection. | |
Preparing and Installing the New Water Heater
1. Shut Off Water and Gas Supply
Turn off the cold water supply valve and the gas supply valve to the water heater. Open a hot water faucet to release any remaining water pressure.
2. Disconnect Water Lines
Use a wrench to disconnect the cold water supply line and the hot water outlet line from the old water heater. Cap the open ends of the pipes to prevent water from leaking.
3. Remove the Old Water Heater
Disconnect the gas line from the water heater using a pipe wrench. Use a strap wrench or a pry bar to carefully lift the old water heater off its base. Be cautious not to damage any surrounding pipes or wires.
4. Install the New Water Heater
Position the new water heater in its designated location and secure it to the base. Connect the cold water supply line to the water heater’s cold water inlet and the hot water outlet line to the water heater’s hot water outlet. Tighten all connections securely.
Reconnect the gas line to the water heater using a pipe wrench. Ensure that the gas line is properly sealed and that there are no leaks. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions to set the water temperature and ensure proper operation.
Light the pilot light according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Check for any leaks or unusual noises during the first hour of operation. If any issues arise, shut off the gas and water supply and contact a licensed plumber for assistance.
5. Turn on Water and Gas Supply
Slowly turn on the cold water supply valve and then the gas supply valve to the water heater. Open a hot water faucet and check for any leaks. Adjust the water temperature as needed.
6. Enjoy Hot Water
Congratulations! You have successfully replaced your gas water heater. Enjoy your hot showers and baths!
Connecting the Gas Line
Once the water heater is in place, it’s time to connect the gas line. This step should only be performed by a qualified gas technician. The technician will use a flexible gas connector to hook the water heater to the gas supply line. They will also install a shut-off valve near the water heater, so the gas can be turned off if necessary.
Testing for Leaks
Once the gas line is connected, it’s important to test for leaks. The technician will use a leak detection solution to check the gas line and fittings for any leaks. If a leak is detected, the technician will tighten the fittings or replace the faulty component.
Step-by-Step Guide to Testing for Leaks
| Step | Instructions |
|---|---|
| 1 | Turn off the gas supply to the water heater. |
| 2 | Apply leak detection solution to all gas line connections and fittings. |
| 3 | Turn on the gas supply and observe for leaks. |
| 4 | If any bubbles appear in the solution, it indicates a leak. |
| 5 | Tighten the fittings or replace the faulty component until the leak is stopped. |
Installing the Draft Hood and Venting System
The draft hood, Vent pipe, and damper are essential components for proper combustion and ventilation of your gas water heater. The draft hood prevents backdrafting, which occurs when exhaust gases are blown back into the room instead of being vented outdoors. Vent pipe carries the exhaust gases out of the water heater and through the roof or exterior wall of your home. The damper opens and closes to allow exhaust gases to escape while preventing cold air from entering the water heater when it’s not in use.
Installing the Draft Hood
1. Locate the draft hood’s flange on the top of the water heater’s flue collar.
2. Place the draft hood over the flange and align the screw holes.
3. Secure the draft hood using the screws provided in the kit. Ensure it fits snugly against the flue collar to prevent any exhaust leaks.
Installing the Vent Pipe
1. Determine the length of vent pipe required to reach from the draft hood to the roof or exterior wall vent termination point.
2. Cut the vent pipe to size using a hacksaw or pipe cutter.
3. Connect the vent pipe to the draft hood and secure it using a pipe clamp.
4. Run the vent pipe through the appropriate openings in your home’s structure, such as a wall or roof penetration. Ensure there are no obstructions or kinks in the pipe.
Installing the Damper
1. Insert the damper into the vent pipe, ensuring it’s facing the correct direction (typically indicated by an arrow on the damper).
2. Secure the damper using the screws provided.
3. Check the damper’s operation by manually opening and closing it to ensure it moves freely and seals tightly when closed.
Testing the Venting System
1. Light the gas water heater and allow it to run for several minutes.
2. Place a lit incense stick or candle near the draft hood outlet. The smoke should be drawn towards the vent pipe and out of the home.
3. Check for any unusual noises or vibrations coming from the vent pipe, which could indicate a leak or obstruction.
| Vent Pipe Type | Maximum Length |
|---|---|
| Type B Double-Wall Vent | 50 feet |
| Type L Vent | 75 feet |
| Direct Vent | Manufacturer-specified length |
Electrical Wiring and Grounding
1. Turn Off Power
Before starting any work, turn off the power to the water heater at the circuit breaker or fuse box.
2. Disconnect Old Wiring
Carefully disconnect the electrical wires from the old water heater. Note the position of each wire for reconnecting later.
3. Connect Ground Wire
Securely connect the bare copper or green grounding wire to the water heater’s grounding terminal.
4. Connect Power Wires
Connect the black wire to the “LINE” terminal and the white wire to the “NEUTRAL” terminal.
5. Tighten Connections
Thoroughly tighten all electrical connections using a screwdriver or nut driver.
6. Ground Electrical Box
If the electrical box is not already grounded, attach a ground clamp to the box and connect it to the grounding wire.
7. Bonding and Cathodic Protection
For certain types of water heaters, such as those with a sacrificial anode, it may be necessary to install bonding straps between the water heater, plumbing system, and gas piping. This helps protect against corrosion and electrical hazards. Follow the specific guidelines provided by the water heater manufacturer and any applicable building codes.
| Component | Connection |
|---|---|
| Bare copper or green wire | Grounding terminal |
| Black wire | LINE terminal |
| White wire | NEUTRAL terminal |
Lighting the Pilot Light and Ignition
Safety Precautions
Before attempting any work on your gas water heater, turn off the gas supply and allow the appliance to cool completely. Wear appropriate safety gear, including gloves and eye protection, and have a fire extinguisher readily available.
Locating the Pilot Light and Ignition System
The pilot light and ignition system are typically located near the bottom of the water heater. The pilot light is a small flame that constantly burns to keep the ignition system ready for use. The ignition system consists of a spark plug or igniter that creates a spark to ignite the main gas burner when needed.
Lighting the Pilot Light Manually
1. Turn the gas control valve to the “Pilot” setting.
2. Press and hold the red reset button on the ignition assembly.
3. Use a long match or lighter to light the pilot light through the designated hole.
4. Continue holding the reset button for about 30 seconds after the pilot light ignites to allow the thermocouple to heat up.
5. Release the reset button and the pilot light should remain lit.
Electronic Ignition
Some water heaters feature an electronic ignition system. In this case, simply turn the gas control valve to the “On” position and the ignition system will automatically ignite the pilot light and main gas burner.
Troubleshooting Ignition Problems
- If the pilot light doesn’t ignite, check for a blocked or dirty orifice.
- If the pilot light ignites but doesn’t stay lit, the thermocouple may be faulty and need replacement.
- If the main gas burner doesn’t ignite, check the following: gas supply, gas control valve, spark plug or igniter, and main burner orifices.
Symptom Possible Cause No gas flow Closed gas supply valve, blocked gas line Pilot light won’t stay lit Faulty thermocouple, blocked orifice Main gas burner won’t ignite Closed gas control valve, dirty spark plug, blocked orifices Performing a Post-Installation Checkout
1. Check for Gas Leaks
Light the pilot light and apply soapy water to all gas connections. Observe for any bubbles, indicating a leak.
2. Check Burner Flame
Turn on a hot water tap and inspect the flame in the burner. It should be blue and steady, with minimal yellow or orange tips.
3. Adjust Water Temperature
Set the temperature of the water heater to the desired level. Use a thermometer to measure the water temperature at a tap to ensure accuracy.
4. Test Pressure Relief Valve
Open a hot water tap and lift the pressure relief lever on the water heater. Confirm that water flows out of the discharge pipe.
5. Check for Electrical Connections
Ensure all electrical connections are secure and insulated. Test the thermostat by adjusting the temperature and verifying that the burner responds accordingly.
6. Check Exhaust Venting
Inspect the exhaust venting system for any blockages or damage. Confirm that the vent extends to the outdoors and is free of obstructions.
7. Check Flue Baffle
If applicable, verify that the flue baffle is properly installed and not obstructing the exhaust flow.
8. Check Drain Valve
Open the drain valve at the bottom of the water heater and remove any sediment or debris. Allow the water to drain until clear.
9. Additional Detailed Troubleshooting
Symptom Possible Cause Solution No hot water Gas supply interrupted, pilot light malfunction, clogged burner, faulty thermostat Check gas supply, relight pilot, clean burner, replace thermostat Fluctuating water temperature Scale buildup, defective temperature control, worn-out anode rod Descale water heater, replace temperature control, install new anode rod Leaking tank Rust, corrosion, excessive pressure Replace tank, reduce water pressure, inspect and tighten connections Loud noises Sediment buildup, boiling water Flush tank, adjust water heater temperature Error codes Specific faults indicated by manufacturer error codes Refer to manufacturer’s documentation Troubleshooting and Maintenance Tips
Troubleshooting
If your gas water heater is not working properly, there are a few things you can check before calling a plumber. First, make sure that the gas supply is turned on and that there is no blockage in the gas line. Next, check the pilot light to see if it is lit. If the pilot light is not lit, you can try relighting it according to the manufacturer’s instructions. If the pilot light still does not stay lit, there may be a problem with the thermocouple or gas valve.
Maintenance Tips
To keep your gas water heater running efficiently and safely, it is important to perform regular maintenance. This includes flushing the sediment from the tank, checking the anode rod, and inspecting the gas lines and connections. Flushing the sediment from the tank will help to prevent corrosion and extend the life of the water heater. Checking the anode rod will help to protect the tank from corrosion and ensure that it is working properly. Inspecting the gas lines and connections will help to prevent leaks and ensure that the water heater is operating safely.
10. Additional Maintenance Tips
In addition to the above maintenance tips, there are a few other things you can do to keep your gas water heater running smoothly. These include:
- Insulate the water heater tank. This will help to reduce heat loss and save energy.
- Install a water softener if you have hard water. Hard water can damage the water heater tank and plumbing.
- Avoid using abrasive cleaners on the water heater tank. Abrasive cleaners can damage the finish of the tank and make it more susceptible to corrosion.
- Schedule regular inspections with a qualified plumber. A qualified plumber can inspect the water heater for potential problems and make any necessary repairs.
How to Change Out a Gas Water Heater
Changing out a gas water heater is a job that is best left to a professional, as it requires specialized knowledge and tools. However, if you are comfortable working with gas appliances and have the necessary tools, you can follow these steps to change out a gas water heater:
1. Shut off the gas supply to the water heater.
2. Disconnect the water supply lines to the water heater.
3. Drain the water from the water heater.
4. Disconnect the gas line to the water heater.
5. Remove the old water heater from its location.
6. Install the new water heater in the old water heater’s location.
7. Connect the gas line to the new water heater.
8. Connect the water supply lines to the new water heater.
9. Turn on the water supply to the new water heater.
10. Turn on the gas supply to the new water heater.People Also Ask
How much does it cost to change out a gas water heater?
The cost to change out a gas water heater will vary depending on the size of the water heater, the type of water heater, and the cost of labor in your area. However, you can expect to pay between $500 and $1,500 for a new gas water heater and installation.
How long does it take to change out a gas water heater?
The time it takes to change out a gas water heater will vary depending on the experience of the person doing the installation. However, you can expect the installation to take between 2 and 4 hours.
Do I need to hire a plumber to change out a gas water heater?
It is not necessary to hire a plumber to change out a gas water heater, but it is recommended. Gas water heaters can be dangerous to work on, so it is important to have someone who is qualified to do the job.
