Maintaining the cleanliness of your AR-15 rifle is paramount for ensuring its optimal performance, reliability, and longevity. Regular cleaning removes fouling, carbon buildup, and other contaminants that can impair its accuracy, trigger pull, and overall functionality. By following a systematic cleaning regimen, you can effectively preserve the integrity and extend the lifespan of your valuable firearm.
To embark on the cleaning process, it is imperative to ensure a safe and controlled environment. Choose a well-ventilated area away from any potential hazards. Gather the necessary cleaning supplies, including a cleaning rod, bore brush, chamber brush, patches, solvent, and lubricant. Disassemble the rifle according to the manufacturer’s instructions, separating the upper and lower receivers, bolt carrier group, and other components. This meticulous disassembly allows for thorough cleaning of all critical areas.
Commence the cleaning procedure by running a bore brush through the barrel several times using a suitable solvent. This action dislodges any fouling or carbon buildup. Subsequently, insert a patch onto the cleaning rod and run it through the barrel multiple times to remove the loosened debris. Repeat this process until the patches emerge clean, indicating the removal of all contaminants. Next, clean the chamber using a chamber brush and solvent, followed by patches, to ensure the complete elimination of any fouling or unburned powder residue.
Equipment and Safety Precautions
Cleaning your AR-15 effectively and safely requires gathering the necessary equipment and adhering to proper safety protocols. Here’s a comprehensive list of what you’ll need and the precautions you should take:
Equipment
* AR-15
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Cleaning patches/rags: Soft, lint-free cloth or patches for wiping away dirt and debris.
*
Cleaning brushes: Nylon or brass brushes in various sizes for scrubbing away stubborn deposits.
*
Cleaning rod: A sturdy rod designed specifically for cleaning firearms.
* Cleaning solvent: A commercial cleaning solvent suitable for your firearm.
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Lubricant: A gun lubricant recommended for your specific AR-15.
Safety Precautions
Prioritizing safety is critical when cleaning your AR-15. Before handling your firearm, ensure:
- The firearm is unloaded and the magazine is removed.
- The safety is engaged.
- You are wearing eye and ear protection.
- You are working in a well-ventilated area.
- You are away from public areas and mindful of your surroundings.
Never clean a loaded firearm, and always treat it as if it is loaded.
Disassembling the Rifle
Step 1: Unload the Rifle
Before disassembling the rifle, always ensure that it’s unloaded. Remove the magazine and lock the bolt to the rear. Visually inspect the chamber and magazine well to ensure no rounds are present.
Step 2: Remove the Upper Receiver
Locate and press the takedown pins on both sides of the lower receiver. These pins are typically located just behind the magazine well. While pressing down on the pins, simultaneously pull the upper and lower receivers apart. The upper receiver should now be separated from the lower receiver.
Step 3: Remove the Charging Handle
Pull the charging handle all the way to the rear until it stops. While holding the charging handle back, depress the latch on the left side of the upper receiver. This will release the charging handle, allowing you to remove it.
Step 4: Remove the Bolt Carrier Group
Grasp the charging handle slot on the rear of the bolt carrier group and pull it straight back until it disengages from the upper receiver. Gently lift the bolt carrier group out of the upper receiver. Be careful not to lose the extractor spring and detent, which may fall out when the bolt carrier group is removed.
| Component | Location | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Takedown Pins | Behind the magazine well | Connects the upper and lower receivers |
| Charging Handle | Top of the upper receiver | Operates the bolt carrier group |
| Bolt Carrier Group | Inside the upper receiver | Houses the bolt, firing pin, and extractor |
Cleaning the Upper Receiver
To clean the upper receiver, you will need the following tools:
- A cleaning rod
- A bore brush
- A patch jag
- Cleaning patches
- CLP (Cleaner, Lubricant, Protector)
Follow these steps to clean the upper receiver:
1. Remove the bolt carrier group (BCG)
To remove the BCG, pull back on the charging handle and lift the BCG up and out of the upper receiver.
2. Clean the bolt carrier
To clean the bolt carrier, use a bore brush and CLP to clean the inside of the bolt carrier. Use a patch jag and cleaning patches to clean the outside of the bolt carrier.
3. Clean the firing pin
To clean the firing pin, remove the firing pin retaining pin and pull the firing pin out of the bolt carrier. Use a bore brush and CLP to clean the inside of the firing pin channel. Use a patch jag and cleaning patches to clean the outside of the firing pin.
| Part | Cleaning Brush | Cleaning Patch | CLP |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bolt Carrier | Bore Brush | Cleaning Patches | Yes |
| Firing Pin | Bore Brush | Cleaning Patches | Yes |
| Upper Receiver | Bore Brush | Cleaning Patches | Yes |
Once the firing pin channel, bolt, and firing pin are clean, reassemble the bolt carrier. Insert the firing pin into the bolt carrier and push the firing pin retaining pin back into place.
4. Clean the upper receiver
To clean the upper receiver, use a bore brush and CLP to clean the inside of the upper receiver. Use a patch jag and cleaning patches to clean the outside of the upper receiver.
5. Reassemble the upper receiver
To reassemble the upper receiver, insert the BCG into the upper receiver. Pull back on the charging handle and release it to lock the BCG into place.
Cleaning the Lower Receiver
The lower receiver is the core of the AR-15, housing the trigger group, selector switch, and magazine release. It requires regular cleaning to ensure smooth and reliable operation.
1. Remove the Upper Receiver
Separate the upper and lower receivers by pressing the takedown pins and pivoting the upper receiver forward.
2. Remove the Magazine and Trigger Group
Eject any magazine, then remove the trigger guard by pushing out its retaining pin. Hold the trigger and pull out the entire trigger group.
3. Clean the Exterior
Use a soft cloth or brush to wipe down the exterior of the lower receiver, removing any visible dirt or debris.
4. Clean the Internal Components
Apply a few drops of gun cleaning solvent to a cotton swab and wipe the inside of the lower receiver, paying particular attention to the trigger group cavity, magazine well, and takedown pin holes. Use a small brush to dislodge any stubborn particles.
| Component | Cleaning Method |
|---|---|
| Trigger Group Cavity | Wipe with a cotton swab moistened with solvent. |
| Magazine Well | Wipe with a cotton swab or brush to remove dirt and debris. |
| Takedown Pin Holes | Use a Q-tip or compressed air to clean out any dirt or debris. |
Once you have cleaned the internal components, reassemble the trigger group, insert the magazine, and reconnect the upper receiver.
Cleaning the Bolt Carrier Group
The bolt carrier group (BCG) is the heart of your AR-15, and it needs to be cleaned regularly to ensure reliable operation. Here’s a step-by-step guide to cleaning the BCG:
1. Remove the BCG
To remove the BCG, first open the upper receiver and pull back the charging handle. Then, press the takedown pins and separate the upper and lower receivers. The BCG will come out with the upper receiver.
2. Disassemble the BCG
To disassemble the BCG, remove the firing pin from the bolt carrier. Then, use a punch to drive out the gas key.
3. Clean the Bolt Carrier
Use a nylon brush to scrub the bolt carrier clean. Be sure to get into all the nooks and crannies. Then, wipe the bolt carrier down with a clean rag.
4. Clean the Gas Key
Use a brass brush to scrub the gas key clean. Be sure to get into all the holes and crevices. Then, wipe the gas key down with a clean rag.
5. Clean the Firing Pin
Use a cotton swab to clean the firing pin. Be sure to get into the firing pin channel. Then, wipe the firing pin down with a clean rag.
6. Reassemble the BCG
To reassemble the BCG, first insert the firing pin into the bolt carrier. Then, drive the gas key back into place.
7. Install the BCG
To reinstall the BCG, simply insert it into the upper receiver and close the upper receiver.
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | Remove the BCG |
| 2 | Disassemble the BCG |
| 3 | Clean the bolt carrier |
| 4 | Clean the gas key |
| 5 | Clean the firing pin |
| 6 | Reassemble the BCG |
| 7 | Install the BCG |
Cleaning the Trigger Assembly
The trigger assembly is a critical component of your AR-15, and it’s important to keep it clean to ensure reliable operation. Here are the steps to clean the trigger assembly:
- Remove the trigger assembly from the lower receiver.
- Disassemble the trigger assembly by removing the hammer, sear, trigger, and disconnect.
- Clean all of the parts of the trigger assembly with a solvent and a brush.
- Lubricate the trigger assembly with a small amount of gun oil.
- Use a brush to remove any dirt or debris from the hammer.
- Apply a small amount of gun oil to the hammer and wipe it off with a clean cloth.
- Use a brush to remove any dirt or debris from the sear.
- Apply a small amount of gun oil to the sear and wipe it off with a clean cloth.
- Use a brush to remove any dirt or debris from the trigger.
- Apply a small amount of gun oil to the trigger and wipe it off with a clean cloth.
- Use a brush to remove any dirt or debris from the disconnect.
- Apply a small amount of gun oil to the disconnect and wipe it off with a clean cloth.
Cleaning the Hammer
The hammer is the part of the trigger assembly that strikes the firing pin to fire the round. It is important to keep the hammer clean and free of debris.
Cleaning the Sear
The sear is the part of the trigger assembly that holds the hammer back until the trigger is pulled. It is important to keep the sear clean and free of debris.
Cleaning the Trigger
The trigger is the part of the trigger assembly that the shooter pulls to fire the round. It is important to keep the trigger clean and free of debris.
Cleaning the Disconnect
The disconnect is the part of the trigger assembly that prevents the hammer from following the bolt forward on semi-automatic firearms. It is important to keep the disconnect clean and free of debris.
- Reassemble the trigger assembly.
- Install the trigger assembly into the lower receiver.
Cleaning the Charging Handle
Regularly cleaning your AR-15 charging handle is essential for maintaining its functionality and longevity. Here’s a detailed guide to help you clean the charging handle effectively:
Step 1: Remove the Charging Handle
Pull the charging handle rearward and lift it out of the upper receiver.
Step 2: Disassemble the Charging Handle
Remove the latch by pushing the detent pin inward with a punch or a small screwdriver and sliding the latch forward.
Step 3: Soak the Components
Soak the charging handle, latch, and detent pin in a cleaning solution (e.g., Ballistol or CLP) for 10-15 minutes to loosen any dirt or debris.
Step 4: Scrub and Rinse
Use a soft brush or cotton swabs to gently scrub away any dirt or carbon buildup. Rinse the components thoroughly with clean water.
Step 5: Dry the Components
Use a clean cloth or compressed air to dry the charging handle, latch, and detent pin completely.
Step 6: Lubricate the Components
Apply a thin layer of lubricant to the latch, detent pin, and the mating surfaces where the charging handle enters the upper receiver.
Step 7: Reassemble the Charging Handle
Reinsert the detent pin into the latch, ensuring it clicks into place. Slide the latch onto the charging handle and push it all the way to the rear. Insert the charging handle into the upper receiver.
| Recommended Cleaning Frequency | Cleaning Method |
|---|---|
| Every 500-1000 rounds | Disassemble, soak, scrub, rinse, dry, lubricate |
| As needed (e.g., after shooting in harsh conditions) | Wipe down with a clean cloth or use compressed air |
Reassembling the Rifle
Step 9: Installing the Upper Receiver and Bolt Carrier Group
1. Align the upper receiver with the lower receiver and push forward until the two halves mate.
2. Insert the bolt carrier group into the upper receiver, aligning the bolt with the barrel extension.
3. Rotate the bolt handle down to lock the bolt into place.
4. Insert the charging handle into the upper receiver, ensuring the latch engages with the bolt carrier group.
5. Attach the forward assist assembly to the upper receiver, aligning the lug with the notch on the bolt carrier group.
6. Tighten the forward assist cap using a wrench or pliers.
7. Insert the dust cover into the upper receiver, aligning the spring with the notch on the side of the receiver.
8. Snap the dust cover into place.
9. Attach the handguard to the upper receiver using the included screws or bolts. Ensure it is securely tightened but avoid over-tightening.
10. Connect the gas tube to the gas block and insert the gas key into the bolt carrier group.
11. Tighten the gas tube with a wrench or pliers, ensuring the alignment between the gas tube and the barrel is correct.
12. Install the magazine into the lower receiver and verify that it locks into place.
13. Confirm that the safety selector is in the “safe” position before conducting a function check.
| Tool | Description |
|---|---|
| Wrench or Pliers | Tightening bolts, nuts, and the forward assist cap |
| Handguard Screwdriver or Bolts | Attaching the handguard to the upper receiver |
| Allen Key or Wrench (Optional) | Tightening the gas tube (if necessary) |
Post-Cleaning Inspection
1. Check Barrel and Chamber for Debris
After cleaning the barrel and chamber, ensure they are completely free of any remaining debris. Use a clean bore brush or patch to make a few passes through the bore to verify that it is clear.
2. Inspect Bolt Carrier
Examining the bolt carrier for proper functionality is crucial. Ensure that the firing pin moves freely and that the extractor claw is firmly attached. Lightly oil the bolt carrier to prevent wear and corrosion.
3. Inspect Gas Key and Gas Tube
Inspect the gas key and gas tube for buildup or blockages. If necessary, use a small brush or wire to remove any residue. Reinstall the gas key correctly and ensure the gas tube is securely in place.
4. Check Trigger Mechanism
Dry-fire the rifle to verify the trigger’s functionality. The trigger pull should be smooth and consistent without any hesitation or binding. If any issues arise, consult a qualified gunsmith for further inspection.
5. Lubricate Essential Parts
Apply a thin layer of lubricant to all moving parts, including the bolt, bolt carrier, and rails. This will protect against wear and enhance the rifle’s reliability.
6. Reassemble the Rifle
Reassemble the rifle carefully, ensuring that all components are properly aligned and tightened. Double-check that the safety selector and magazine release are functioning correctly.
7. Test Fire the Rifle
Before returning the rifle to service, test fire it in a controlled environment to verify its accuracy and reliability. This will provide peace of mind that the cleaning process was successful.
8. Store the Rifle Properly
Always store the rifle in a dry, secure location. If possible, use a climate-controlled environment to prevent damage from extreme temperatures or humidity.
9. Maintain a Regular Cleaning Schedule
Establish a regular cleaning schedule for your AR-15 to ensure its optimal performance and longevity. The frequency of cleaning will vary depending on the rifle’s usage and the environment in which it is operated.
10. Seek Professional Assistance when Needed
If you encounter any issues or have concerns regarding the cleaning or maintenance of your AR-15, do not hesitate to seek professional assistance from a qualified gunsmith. They can provide expert advice and ensure the rifle is in peak condition.
How To Clean A.R. 15
1. **Unload the firearm.** Make sure the chamber is empty and the magazine is removed.
2. **Remove the bolt carrier group (BCG).** This is done by pulling the charging handle to the rear and lifting the BCG out of the upper receiver.
3. **Clean the BCG.** Use a brush and solvent to clean the BCG, paying special attention to the bolt, firing pin, and extractor.
4. **Clean the upper receiver.** Use a brush and solvent to clean the upper receiver, paying special attention to the gas tube and gas key.
5. **Clean the lower receiver.** Use a brush and solvent to clean the lower receiver, paying special attention to the trigger group.
6. **Lubricate the firearm.** Use a gun oil to lubricate all moving parts of the firearm.
7. **Reassemble the firearm.** Reassemble the firearm in reverse order.
People Also Ask
How often should I clean my AR-15?
You should clean your AR-15 after every use, or at least every 500 rounds fired.
What is the best way to clean an AR-15?
The best way to clean an AR-15 is to use a bore snake and a cleaning rod with a patch.
What kind of cleaning solvent should I use?
You should use a gun-specific cleaning solvent.
What kind of lubricant should I use?
You should use a gun-specific lubricant.
How do I know if my AR-15 is clean?
Your AR-15 is clean when there is no visible dirt or debris on any of the parts.
