As your deck ages, it’s common for it to start to sag or become uneven. This can not only be unattractive, but it can also be dangerous. If you’re not careful, you could trip or fall and injure yourself. That’s why it’s important to level your deck as soon as you notice it starting to sag. In this article, we’ll show you how to level an older deck without having to replace the entire thing.
Before you begin, it’s important to assess the damage to your deck. If the damage is extensive, you may need to replace the entire deck. However, if the damage is minor, you may be able to level the deck yourself. To assess the damage, look for the following signs:
- Sagging or uneven boards
- Loose or missing nails
- Rotting or damaged wood
Once you’ve assessed the damage, you can begin to level the deck. The first step is to remove any loose or damaged boards. Once the damaged boards are removed, you can begin to level the deck by adding shims under the joists. Shims are thin pieces of wood that can be used to raise or lower the joists. To add a shim, simply place it under the joist and then tap it into place with a hammer. Once the joists are level, you can replace the deck boards.
Assessing Deck Condition
1. Visual Inspection
Thoroughly inspect the deck for any obvious signs of damage or deterioration. Look for loose or missing boards, cracks, or splinters. Use a flashlight to illuminate hidden areas, such as the undersides of steps or joists. Check for any rot or mold, which can weaken the structure and compromise safety. If you notice any significant damage, it’s important to have the deck professionally evaluated by a contractor or engineer.
Pay attention to the following specific areas:
| Component | Signs of Damage |
|---|---|
| Deck Boards | Cracked, loose, splintered, or warped |
| Joists | Sagging, cracked, or rotted |
| Ledgers | Loose, rusted, or detached from the house |
| Posts | Rotted, cracked, or leaning |
| Footings | Settling, shifting, or cracked |
2. Leveling Measurement
Use a level to measure the slope of the deck surface. Place the level on the deck boards perpendicular to the joists. Note the amount of slope in inches per foot. Most decks have a slight slope, typically 1/4 to 1/2 inch per foot, to allow for water drainage. However, if the slope exceeds 1 inch per foot, it may be necessary to level the deck.
3. Joist Inspection
Check the joists for any signs of sagging or weakening. If the joists are bowed or bent, it can cause the deck surface to slope unevenly. Use a straightedge or level to check if the joists are level. If the deflection in the joists exceeds 1/36th of their span, they may need to be replaced or reinforced.
Removing Existing Material
Before you can begin leveling your deck, you need to remove the existing material. This includes the decking boards, railings, and any other structures that are attached to the deck. Here are the steps on how to remove existing material from your deck:
Step 1: Remove the decking boards.
Start by removing the screws or nails that are holding the decking boards in place. Once the screws or nails are removed, you can pry up the decking boards and remove them from the deck.
Step 2: Remove the railings.
If your deck has railings, you will need to remove them before you can level the deck. To remove the railings, start by removing the screws or bolts that are holding them in place. Once the screws or bolts are removed, you can carefully lift the railings off of the deck.
Step 3: Remove any other structures.
If there are any other structures attached to your deck, such as benches or flower boxes, you will need to remove them before you can level the deck. To remove these structures, start by removing the screws or bolts that are holding them in place. Once the screws or bolts are removed, you can carefully lift the structures off of the deck.
|
Step |
Action |
| 1 |
Remove the decking boards |
| 2 |
Remove the railings |
| 3 |
Remove any other structures |
Repairing Structural Components
Inspect the joists and beams for damage, rotting, or termite infestation. If any components are compromised, they must be replaced or repaired.
To replace a damaged joist, cut it free from the ledger board and the rim joist. Insert a new joist of the same size and secure it with joist hangers and nails.
To repair a damaged beam, cut out the damaged section and replace it with a new piece of treated lumber. Secure the new beam with bolts and washers.
Replacing Damaged Joists
| Tools | Materials |
|---|---|
| Circular saw | New joist |
| Reciprocating saw | Joist hangers |
| Hammer | Nails |
Steps
1. Cut the damaged joist free from the ledger board and the rim joist.
2. Insert a new joist of the same size into the space.
3. Secure the new joist with joist hangers and nails.
4. Check the joist for level and adjust as needed.
Leveling the Joists
The joists, which run perpendicular to the deck boards, are the support beams that bear the weight of the deck. If the joists are not level, the deck boards will sag or buckle, creating a tripping hazard. To level the joists, follow these steps:
- Place a level on each joist and identify the high and low points.
- Measure the difference between the high and low points, and calculate the amount of shimming needed to level the joist.
- Cut shims from pressure-treated lumber or plastic shims to the appropriate thickness.
- Place the shims under the low points of the joists. Use a hammer or mallet to drive the shims into place securely. Ensure that the shims are level by placing a level on top of them.
- Once the joists are level, you can reattach the deck boards. Make sure to use galvanized or stainless steel screws or nails to prevent corrosion.
| Joist Leveling Checklist |
|---|
|
1. Inspect joists for levelness using a level. |
|
2. Measure height difference between high and low points. |
|
3. Cut shims to appropriate thickness. |
|
4. Place shims under low points, drive securely, and check levelness. |
|
5. Reattach deck boards using galvanized screws or nails. |
Installing New Decking
Installing new decking involves removing the old boards and replacing them with new ones. To ensure a level surface, you may need to install shims or use self-leveling screws. Here’s a detailed guide:
- Remove the old decking: Start by removing the nails or screws holding the old decking boards. Use a pry bar to gently lift the boards.
- Inspect the joists: Once the old decking is removed, check the joists for any damage or rot. If necessary, replace the damaged joists.
- Install shims (optional): If the joists are not level, you may need to install shims to create a level surface. Place the shims under the joists and secure them with nails or screws.
- Install the decking boards: Start by installing the first board along one edge of the deck. Use a level to ensure it’s straight and level. Secure the board to the joists using nails or screws.
-
Level the remaining boards:
To level the remaining boards:
- Place a level on the board and check its levelness.
- If the board is not level, use shims or self-leveling screws to adjust its height.
- Continue this process for all the remaining boards.
Table: Comparison of Leveling Methods
Method Pros Cons Shims – Inexpensive
– Easy to install– Not as durable as self-leveling screws
– Can be time-consuming to adjustSelf-leveling screws – Quick and easy to install
– Durable and long-lasting– More expensive than shims Securing the Decking
1. Remove Loose Boards
Start by removing any loose decking boards. To do this, pry up the boards with a crowbar or pry bar. Be careful not to damage the joists underneath.
2. Inspect the Joists
Once the loose boards are removed, inspect the joists for any damage. If there is any rot or damage, the joists will need to be replaced.
3. Level the Joists
To level the joists, use a level and a shim. Place the level on the joist and then insert the shim under the joist until the level is level. Secure the shim in place with a nail or screw.
4. Replace Damaged Joists
If any of the joists are damaged, they will need to be replaced. To do this, cut the damaged joist out with a saw and then replace it with a new joist of the same size.
5. Install New Decking Boards
Once the joists are level, you can install the new decking boards. To do this, simply nail or screw the boards into place. Make sure to space the boards evenly.
6. Finishing Touches
Once the new decking boards are installed, you can add any finishing touches. This could include staining or painting the deck, as well as adding railings or other features.
| Finishing Touch | Description |
|—|—|
| Stain or paint | Protects the deck from the elements and enhances its appearance |
| Railings | Provide safety and support |
| Lighting | Illuminates the deck for evening use |
| Benches or planters | Add seating and greenery |Applying a Finish
Once the deck is dry and the boards are secure, it’s time to apply a finish. A finish will protect the deck from the elements and help it last longer. There are many different types of finishes available, so choose one that is right for your deck and your budget.
Oil-Based Finishes
Oil-based finishes penetrate deep into the wood, providing excellent protection from the elements. They are also relatively easy to apply and maintain. However, oil-based finishes can be slippery when wet and may require more frequent reapplication than other types of finishes.
Water-Based Finishes
Water-based finishes are less durable than oil-based finishes, but they are also less toxic and easier to clean up. They are a good choice for decks that are not exposed to a lot of moisture.
Acrylic Finishes
Acrylic finishes are a good compromise between oil-based and water-based finishes. They provide good protection from the elements and are relatively easy to apply and maintain. However, acrylic finishes can be more expensive than other types of finishes.
How to Apply a Finish
To apply a finish, first clean the deck with a deck cleaner and let it dry completely. Then, apply the finish according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Be sure to apply the finish in thin, even coats and allow each coat to dry completely before applying the next.
Refinishing a Deck
Over time, even the best finishes will need to be reapplied. To refinish a deck, first clean the deck with a deck cleaner and let it dry completely. Then, sand the deck to remove any old finish or damaged wood. Finally, apply a new finish according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Maintaining a Deck
To keep your deck looking its best, be sure to clean it regularly with a deck cleaner and apply a fresh coat of finish every few years. You should also inspect the deck regularly for any signs of damage and repair any problems as soon as possible.
Safety Precautions
To ensure your safety while leveling an older deck, it’s crucial to take the following precautions meticulously:
1. Inspect the Deck Thorougly
Examine the deck for any loose boards, rotting joists, or broken railings. Repair or replace any compromised components before proceeding.
2. Wear Protective Gear
Don a hard hat, safety glasses, work gloves, and sturdy shoes to protect yourself from falling debris or sharp edges.
3. Use a Level
Utilize a reliable level to ensure the deck is leveled accurately. Place it across multiple joists and adjust accordingly.
4. Check for Permits
Determine if you require a permit for your project. Contact your local building department for guidance.
5. Secure the Deck
If you must work beneath the deck, secure it with support posts or braces to prevent collapse.
6. Use Electrical Safety
Disconnect any electrical wires before working on the deck. Be cautious of overhead lines.
7. Beware of Nails
Inspect the deck for protruding nails or splinters. Wear gloves and remove any hazards.
8. Advanced Techniques for Leveling a Severely Uneven Deck
For decks that are severely uneven, consider these advanced techniques:
• Sistering Joists: Add additional joists alongside existing ones to reinforce support and provide a more level surface.
• Installing Shims: Insert shims between the joists and deck boards to create a gradual slope or compensate for minor unevenness.
• Using Self-Leveling Concrete: For extreme cases, pour a layer of self-leveling concrete beneath the deck floor to create a level base.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
1. Loose or Rotten Boards
Tighten loose boards by driving screws through the surface of the deck into the joists beneath. Replace rotten boards with pressure-treated lumber of the same size and thickness.
2. Uneven Joists
If joists are uneven, use shims or leveling screws to raise the lower joists to the level of the highest joist. Ensure all joists are level before installing new decking.
3. Sagging Decking
Locate the sagging area and reinforce it with additional joists or support posts. Install heavy-duty joist hangers or metal brackets to secure the additional supports.
4. Squeaky Decking
Identify the source of the squeak and apply lubricant, such as WD-40 or graphite powder, to the affected area. Tighten loose screws or nails to eliminate friction.
5. Warped Boards
Replace warped boards with new ones. When installing new boards, use spacers to maintain even spacing and prevent warping.
6. Rotting or Insect Damage
Treat affected areas with an appropriate wood preservative. If damage is extensive, replace the affected boards or sections.
7. Water Damage
Inspect the deck for leaks or damaged flashing. Repair or replace damaged areas to prevent further water damage.
8. Staining or Fading
Clean the deck with a deck cleaner and apply a protective sealant to prevent staining and fading. Choose a sealant designed for the type of wood used in your deck.
9. Structural Instability
Inspect the deck for signs of structural instability, such as cracked or sagging joists, loose or missing bolts, or damaged support posts. Contact a licensed contractor or structural engineer for further assessment and repairs.
Cause Solution Cracked or sagging joists Replace or reinforce joists Loose bolts Tighten or replace bolts Damaged support posts Replace or reinforce support posts Maintaining Your Leveled Deck
1. Regular Inspection
Regularly check your deck for any signs of damage, such as loose or missing boards, nails popping up, or uneven surfaces. Address any issues promptly to prevent further deterioration.
2. Cleaning
Keep your deck clean by sweeping or power washing it to remove dirt, debris, and mildew. Use a mild detergent and avoid harsh chemicals that can damage the wood.
3. Sealant Application
Apply a sealant to your deck every 2-3 years to protect it from moisture, UV rays, and wear. Choose a high-quality sealant specifically designed for decks.
4. Railing Maintenance
Inspect the railings for any loose or damaged components. Tighten loose bolts and replace damaged parts promptly to ensure safety.
5. Proper Drainage
Make sure that your deck has proper drainage to prevent water from pooling. Slope the deck away from your home and ensure that there are drainage holes in the railings and under the deck.
6. Joist and Beam Inspection
Periodically inspect the joists and beams underneath your deck for any signs of rot or damage. If any issues are found, consult a professional for repairs.
7. Flashing and Siding Protection
Make sure that there is proper flashing around the ledger board to prevent water from penetrating the siding. Regularly check the siding adjacent to your deck for any damage or moisture issues.
8. Fastener Tightening
Tighten all fasteners, including nails, screws, and bolts, as needed. This will help keep the deck secure and prevent it from squeaking or sagging.
9. Snow Removal
In areas that experience snow, remove snow promptly from your deck to prevent excessive weight and damage to the structure.
10. Regular Use and Enjoyment!
The best way to maintain your deck is to use it regularly. Enjoy barbecues, parties, or simply relax on your leveled deck. Regular use will help prevent the wood from drying out and warping.
Task Frequency Inspection Monthly Cleaning Annually or as needed Sealant Application Every 2-3 years Fastener Tightening As needed How to Level an Older Deck
Over time, decks can become uneven due to settling, weight, or other factors. Leveling an older deck is essential for safety and to prevent further damage. Here are some steps to follow:
**1. Inspect the Deck:**
Assess the overall condition of the deck. Identify any rotted or damaged boards that need to be replaced.**2. Remove Obstacles:**
Clear any furniture, planters, or other items from the deck. This will provide access to the joists and underlying structure.**3. Loosen Bolts:**
Using a wrench, loosen the bolts connecting the joists to the frame or ledger board. This will allow you to adjust the height of the deck.**4. Use Jacks:**
Place jacks under the joists at the low points. Slowly pump the jacks to raise the deck until it is level. Use a level to check the progress.**5. Tighten Bolts:**
Once the deck is level, tighten the bolts connecting the joists to the frame. Ensure that all bolts are adequately tightened.**6. Reinstall Obstacles:**
Replace the furniture, planters, and other items that were removed from the deck.People Also Ask About How to Level Older Deck
How Do You Fix a Sagging Deck?
Fixing a sagging deck involves identifying the source of the sagging and implementing the appropriate repairs. Common causes include rotted joists, insufficient support, or improper installation. Consult a professional for complex repairs or if you suspect extensive damage.
How Can I Level My Deck Without Removing It?
Leveling your deck without removing it is possible if the joists are accessible and the sag is not too severe. Use leveling shims or jacks to raise the low spots. Alternatively, adjustable joist hangers can be installed to provide additional support.
How Much Does It Cost to Level a Deck?
The cost of leveling a deck varies depending on the size of the deck, the extent of the damage, and the location. On average, it can range from $500 to $2,000 for a professional to complete the job.
