These machines utilize abrasives to remove material from metallic workpieces, achieving precise dimensions and surface finishes. Common examples include surface grinders, cylindrical grinders, and centerless grinders, each designed for specific applications like flattening surfaces, shaping cylindrical parts, or finishing rods and tubes. The abrasive action can be delivered through grinding wheels, belts, or other specialized tooling.
Precision machining relies heavily on these tools for achieving tight tolerances and smooth surfaces essential for various industries, from automotive and aerospace to medical device manufacturing and toolmaking. Historically, material removal processes were laborious and inaccurate. The development of these machines marked a significant advancement in manufacturing, enabling mass production and the creation of complex components with consistent quality. Their ability to produce intricate geometries and highly refined finishes remains crucial for modern engineering.