This automated fabrication method uses a continuously fed consumable electrode shielded by a granular flux material. The electric arc, which melts both the electrode and the base metal, is submerged beneath this protective layer, preventing spatter and sparks, and minimizing fumes and ultraviolet radiation. A typical application involves joining thick steel plates in the manufacture of large-diameter pipes, pressure vessels, and structural beams.
The process offers high deposition rates and deep penetration, contributing to efficient and cost-effective welding of thick materials. Its automated nature enhances weld quality consistency and reduces operator fatigue. Developed in the early 20th century, this technique has become a cornerstone of heavy industry due to its reliability and suitability for high-volume production.
